ISSUES global warming is still hot in all areas of life. Efforts continue to be done to prevent earth warming, climate change is extreme, and the quality of environmental degradation.
Not yet completed managing the environment, global economic crisis back swing joints-joint life and our city, including the property sector. The crisis that came lucky and insistently should be able to arouse awareness of us.
Architectural form of buildings (houses, buildings) must be empathize, response, and provide solutions. One is the buildings (houses, buildings) is energy efficient and environmentally friendly.
Vessel like the body, we need to diet to reduce cholesterol level in the building and make the building more slender and fresh that you can make healthy self (pocket savings, the building, the) and environment (residents, the city) and avoid the social complications of stroke. For that, we need to recognize the specifics problems and efforts that can be done.
Development of energy efficient and environmentally friendly must be cheap, easy, and broad impact. Development of green (green city), property green (green property), building green (green building), office / school green (green school / office), to use green products (green products) continue to be done to take to reduce global warming and the crisis global economy.
Law No. 28 Year 2002 on Building encourage development of local building architecture feel more environmentally friendly and in harmony with the environment of origin. Design building (green building) energy, limit the land awakened, simple layout, room flow, quality of building quality, efficiency, materials, and environmentally friendly material (green products).
Building green requires the building layout design (10 percent), consumption and management of water (10 percent), the electrical energy (30 percent), building materials (15 percent), air quality in (20 percent), and breakthrough innovation (technology, operational) of 15 percent.
How big buildings (houses, buildings) that will be built? Enough is enough. Volume buildings are kept so that the cost of development, operation, maintenance and restrained, and more sparingly.
The building is designed with the mass space, space policy, space and relationships in the foreign-liquid, wide terrace, cross ventilation, balanced and void, which is working to climatic tropical air circulation natural lighting and evenly to all rooms so that energy.
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Save the Building Energy and Environment-Friendly
mirror To expand space
"Get There wrong here." It is very appropriate term to describe an apartment, which generally have a limited area. Plus the absence of a page, in an apartment room as if feels more "pressing". Therefore, an interior designed apartment must be seen to be more knowledgeable, and certainly more comfortable.
As Wall Mirror
How much do interior designers to expand the space is to use a mirror. Illusion that appears in the mirror can make the room appear 2 times bigger. Quoting the views of the wall that was hit, as it were, to be expanded in the mirror.
The way this is applied in this tiny apartment. In the extreme, here mirror installed "full" on the wall adjacent to the bedroom. Walls, doors between rooms with children bedroom is not the main escape from the mirror.
Install huge mirror is quite effective. But the problem is so limited the size of the mirror on the market. You can order the mirror size is very large, but the price would be very expensive. Not to mention the difficulty to enter the mirror in the house and installing. Imagine also if broken, you must change entirely. To be more practical, is used here in the form of glass-panel panel size 80 cm x 130 cm, the "together" with the suspension of aluminum (no name ???).
Because the glass walls filled, such as electrical contacts and stop switch should have determined its position before the mirror is installed. First, mirror hole as stop contact switch, and then mounted on the wall. Just after the home switch installed.
In addition to expand the view, the use of glass in the wall that can reduce the paint cost. Walls need not be painted, and even unnecessary smoothing again. In addition, if dirty easily cleared.
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Wide Apartments Without Separator
APARTMENT is simple building has a wide range of between 27m ²-48m ². Therefore, apartment layout that requires careful, so that the interactivity still feel comfortable in it.
Many ideas can be applied to managing apartment interior. The idea is usually more aimed to maximize the use of land.
One way you can do is work with furniture design. In the residential area with narrow, you should use a lot of multifunctional furniture. The use of glass as one of the extended space, can also be applied.
One thing you can do to a narrow space, avoid using the room partition. The existence of the obstacle room will make the room, which is already narrow, feel increasingly narrow.
Many people serve as an insulator between the public space with other space. But how can we keep up space, without having to use the partition (the partition). How to make the room a more flexible (smooth).
Try to see the image above. Family rooms, which also functions as a living room, kitchen to the left. The entire room has a size of approximately 2.5 mx4m. Kitchen occupy the land measuring 2.5 mx2, 1m. The rest is used as family rooms.
Although no obstacle, in fact there are still "separation" between the living room and kitchen. Placement bar table (breakfast table) in the living room and kitchen, also serves as the insulator. We are not aware of the separation of space, because we do not as a bar table assuming obstacle, but as a table.
There are still other ways. Try to look again at the top of the photo. It's a different room with a wall. In the family room, there is a mirror that covers the surface of one of the walls. But not the case with in the kitchen.
Installation of the image in the mirror as it has two functions. First, of course, to give an impression on the wide room. Second, creating a difference between the living room wall and the kitchen. There is a difference in the wall, can also share a cramped space without using the obstacle. In addition to using the mirror, you can also create a difference on the wall with a different color application.
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Lightweight steel for exterior walls
Mild steel material used as a lot of the roof, from the framework of the roof tile to cover. In addition, some type of mild steel can also be used as a wall lining material.
As a material that is now becoming increasingly popular, mild steel has a special character. Thickness varies, the average of less than 0.5 mm and strong enough to bundle the roof and walls.
Material on the market, mild steel is sold with a variety of specifications and design. Mild steel average with the material, among others, against the form of aluminum and zinc coating. The existence of a coating that can make steel from rust off until about 20 years since installed.
Another thing that makes steel light seen is the flexibility of design and function. The variety of colors makes the lightweight steel sheet is used to start a variety of interests.
One of which is applied to try to make light steel plate as exterior house walls. This can be done with the mantle of steel plate on the exterior walls. The process of this layer also can be customized to the needs. For example, if you want to make a steel plate as accents light relief, the need to install the steel framework of a grille that has been on the wall tip. Or if you want to paste directly to the wall of steel plate, then how can this be done with the steel plate nailed directly on the wall.
Interesting it?
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Warming the earth
The existence of the parks and tree anticipate significant warming in the earth. Space in the building filled with pot plants. Green space to be processed vegetable gardens and pharmacies as well as live trees planted fruit sufficient for daily needs. Can not maintain and protect the tree to be adopted and foster parents all the trees of the road in front of the front of the buildings (houses, buildings) we are.
Ideally, the rain water can be absorbed into the soil of 30 percent. With so many concrete buildings, asphalt roads, and less green space, the city (such as Jakarta), only 9 percent are able to absorb rainwater. So, when the rains flooded, summer drought. While the consumption of water from taps only 47 percent, while the ground water reaches 53 percent.
Building should begin to reduce water usage (reduce), re-use of water for different purposes at once (reuse), recycle water out (recycle), and replenish ground water (recharge) absorption wells with water (1 x 1 x 2 meter) and / or hole absorption bio pore (10 cm x 1 meter).
All waste water is inserted in the well water absorption with conventional processing, so that should not be too dependent to the existing system environment. How to use water sparingly tap is closed when not needed, do not let the tap water will, water sparingly when washing hands and washing glasses / plates, select for the dual flush toilets, always spend your drinking water.
Culture of waste in process, the building provides a self-processing waste from the source. Are invited to reduce (reduce) the goods difficult to unravel. Choiced inorganic waste and re-used or sold to. Processed organic waste into compost to fertilize the garden plants. There is no waste(zero waste).
According to WHO (2006), 70 percent of the pollution comes from motor vehicles. 5 to plant trees only able to absorb CO2 emissions issued by the 1 car! And, emissions per person for every kilometer journey through the private car is 15 times the bus. We need to reduce the use of private vehicles, equipment to switch to environment-friendly public transport, car pooling, call colleagues direction, Eco-driving. Lucky if the building near the school, market, or the office, we just ride a bicycle or on foot.
We can implement the environmental management system from home, school, to the office in a simple and practical to help and support the establishment of energy efficient and environmentally friendly, the Conference in implementing environmentally friendly practices, to help the household costs, reduce consumption of natural resources, promote sustainable practices through the knowing, promote ways to climate change mitigation through energy savings and renewable energy.
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Paint the walls: Rich colors and Easy Calculated
Now many see, wall space with a variety of colors. One of the wall color contrast, other walls, so that such light-colored background.
The concept of such a wall coloration found in many homes who want to establish a modern atmosphere. One way to build the atmosphere is to use wall paint.
Diversity color paint to make such efforts easier. Now many producers who dare to create colors that are in contrast. Many home owners also dare to use it, especially as accents in the room in the house.
The use of color-contrast color of the color effect is not separated themselves. Each color has the impression, accents, and psychological influence on the room. Color can also emphasize personal character of the mood of the move.
Paint diversity not only offers color, but the motive and the effect is varied. The texture is also used in the paint as a different accent on the wall. Appear cracked, bumpy, or other motives. Effects such as this can be made with a variety of ways, among others, because the cat was indeed have such an effect, or can be made with certain techniques.
Paint in the market is available in two forms, namely ready mix and mix. Ready mix is the cat that has been packaged ready to be shaped, often provided in a liter, gallon or kilograms. Options color fix, in accordance with the table alias colors available.
Paint mixed with calm. This cat has a color that can be customized tastes and needs. Usually required if the new consumer does not find the color you want. Paint is processed in the engine tin ting with the help of computer. But there is also a mixed manually.
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Glass as a barrier fences
WITHOUT overrule that are easily broken, glass can be used as a barrier fence. Of course, to make it safe, glass needs to be treated specially.
Options to be the type of glass is very vital. Only glass that has a minimum thickness of 10mm can be used. That should any of the types of tempered glass. To be safe again, choose a glass that has been lamination, so that power better.
In order to function as a barrier fence to the maximum, glass should not stand on its own. Glass figured or should focus on the framework of iron or concrete. It also needs to long. The longer the exposition, the risk conditions glass. Average to use as a barrier fence, the maximum glass exposition should not more than 3m.
Inserted in the framework of steel or concrete, glass should also tied the meeting. For that glass can be installed on terrace is in order. After the glass is placed there, with the rift between the glass fold must be sealant. This glass is not to keep moving so that minimize the risk of broken.
In addition to the direct way in order to install, glass can also be installed with the. This is more practical, but have a higher risk level. Only a small section of glass attached to the frame. And this can easily make the glass shatter.
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Utilization of alternative energy
To save electricity usage, we can use the energy, maintaining the temperature in the AC 25 ยบ C, open the window curtains when possible so that the light, and turn off electronic equipment when not needed (not a stand-by position).
Invited utilize the alternative energy in meeting the electricity needs of cheap and practical, and supported the development of technology, solar energy, wind, bio gas or for building a house / building.
The use of local materials, thus saving the cost will be more (cost of production, transportation). Creativity is needed to design the building of local produce to become more interesting, unique characteristic, and easily replaced, and from the place around. Blend material time or stone bricks for foundation and walls, walls of wood or modern bamboo, tile roof, floor and terrazzo not lose it with a wall of concrete and glass, steel frame and roof and floor tiles, marble, or granite. Motifs and decorative ornaments on the local building also provides value-added own.
Utilization of materials used or to the rest of the renovation of the building can also result in building a beautiful and functional. Kuchen, doors or windows, glass, terrazzo, to the iron fence and the former can still be made, given a touch of new, used and who can give back atmosphere at the new building. Cheaper and remains strong.
Building scale and proportion of open space should be looking at the basic building coefficient and the coefficient basic green, which ranges from 40-70 percent proportionate space awakened 30-60 percent for green space to breathe and absorb water. Whole or part of the roof of the building restored as a green space of the land mass that is used in the building underneath. Roof-roof buildings to be developed in the roof garden (roof garden) and the wall crawl plant (green wall) so that the air temperature outside and in the down, reduced pollution, and increasing green space.
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Metal roof : Like Door Lock Install
INVESTMENT material and cover the roof and the house party-type appearance. There are clay tile, concrete tile, there's also a metal (zinc), or mild steel. One thing the same variety from closing the roof is to have relief. However, different shapes, different, have a similar tile Textured usual, there is a surge.
Each type of closing the roof has a different way. Is a common way is to stick to the roof construction. For example, clay tile or concrete is generally installed on the roof of wood construction. Installation is not difficult. Enough to associate tile ring, then up the edge with another tile.
Installation of metal tile quite another. Usually tip use screw, nail, or a special lock.
Tile sold a lot of metal now made from a mixture of zinc and aluminum. Each sheet, one of them, measuring 80cm wide and 77cm long. Tile size can be installed quickly because the tide is equivalent to install eight clay tile array. How to install any easier. Place the tile on the ring that has been prepared, and then paste the drawing.
The lightweight steel roof tile, the larger size. Tile is more often used as a cover or roof of the factory buildings, though have also applied to stay at home. Installation of steel roof tile was easier because it is equipped with a special key. In addition, the size is fantastic, width 40.6 cm long and appropriate order, speed up the process of localization. Also leak out or absorp possibility.
The steps:
1. After the framework of the roof finished, do the installation for insulation wire nets (aluminum foil and glass wool). Insulation is placed double sided (two sides go back and forth). This is to muffle hot sun, the rain water noise.
2. Place holder lock type KL 65 on order gording roof insulation already installed. Lock holder. Use a drill as a power tool.
3. Place a sheet steel roof-wave light on the key holder before. Align and fix position. If you are fit, press the foot until it locks. How do the same for the next overlay roof.
4. Make the edge of the cover with images and forms that have been determined. Installation is done with the help of fastening and special electric drill.
5. Before the peak, the tip of the curved roof to the outside with a special bend tool. Bending angle 80 degrees. Bending this work as water entry because blow wind. Place the peak after the end of the roof bend neat.
6. Nok attached made metal scissors with a hole in the roof top of each wave. After the hole is finished, do the lock screw with a special cross-hose is installed by one wave. Nail using electric drill with the upright position so that the position of the screw is not italics. The remaining length of peak can be cut with metal scissors.
7. Use sealant gun connection to rooftop. Sizing is done on the rooftop and the bottom up. Paste pressed both ways. Once dry, the screw with an electric drill so that the connection is locked.
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Contact the window of room
USE various colors in the room makes the space seem cheerful. Cross each other can make the color space to the dynamic atmosphere.
Reseda made impressive kitchen cool. Color is not only on the wall, but also furniture kitchen (refrigerator) and the accessories on it.
Green is seen in contrast with the color red on the wall in the living room. Hole in the wall is intentionally made as the window space. In addition, the window the size of 1.5 mx 1 m is also functioning to give effect to the expansion space. So that not too plain, this window is placed on the sweetener room accessories, such as dolls and a photo frame.
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Household Waste Management Routes of exposure
Toxins can be ingested by eating or drinking hazardous
substances or contaminated food and water.
Toxins can be inhaled in the form of gases, vapors, and
sprays.
Toxins can be absorbed through skin contact with
hazardous substances. Hazardous products containing
corrosives or irritants will injure the skin and then be
slowly absorbed into the body tissues and bloodstream.
Some hazardous chemicals can be absorbed through skin
contact without damaging the skin.
Consumer Tips
Before you buy a product...
Avoid aerosol products. Aerosol disperses the
substance in tiny droplets than can be inhaled deeply
into the lungs and absorbed into the bloodstream. In
addition, aerosol cans may become explosive bombs when
heated.
Once it's in your home, use it safely...
Read all labels carefully before using hazardous
products. Be aware of their uses and dangers.
Use the proper safety equipment when working with
hazardous chemicals.
Leave products in their original container with the
label that clearly identifies the contents. Never put
hazardous products in food or beverage containers.
Do not mix products unless directed to do so by
label directions. This can cause explosive or poisonous
chemical reactions. Even different brands of the same
product can contain incompatible ingredients.
Use only what is needed for a job. Twice as much
doesn't mean twice the results. Follow label directions.
Guidelines For Safe Disposal
THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS GUIDE IS INTENDED FOR
USE BY HOUSEHOLDS ONLY. ANY BUSINESS WHICH USES THIS
DISPOSAL INFORMATION MAY BE IN VIOLATION OF THE LAW.
To avoid unintentional pollution of our health and
environment, hazardous wastes from homes must be disposed
of properly. Recommendations for proper disposal will
depend upon both the particular type of waste and the
waste disposal options available in your community. Local
ordinances pertaining to disposal may vary. For example,
landfill owners have the right to decide what they will
and will not accept for disposal. As a general rule,
liquids containing hazardous substances (paint for
example) are discouraged in landfills as they create
hazardous leachate which may contaminate the groundwater.
If in doubt, check with your local officials for what is
appropriate in your community.
Use It Up:
When products are fully used up as intended there is
no hazardous waste to dispose of. If you only need a small
amount of paint, pesticide, or other hazardous product,
check with friends, relatives, or neighbors to see if they
have any excess they are trying to use up. Be a wise
consumer. Buy only the amount you need and look for safer
alternatives whenever possible.
Throw It In The Trash:
When it is recommended that a waste be thrown into
the trash, it means the final destination is the landfill.
No other dumping, burning, or burying of hazardous waste
is safe or legal. Trash disposal of hazardous materials
which are flammable, explosive/reactive, corrosive/
caustic, radioactive, or toxic can cause health risks to
waste handlers and an environmental hazard if toxicants
leach from the landfill into the groundwater. Be very
careful about what you throw away and if you have any
doubts, make sure that your waste handler knows the
substance is in there and be certain it is securely
wrapped.
Objects that can puncture skin, such as hypodermic
needles, broken glass, and metal shards, are known as a
"sharps." Sharps should be placed in a rigid, puncture-
resistant container. Seal the container with heavy tape
and place in the trash. Large breakable items, such as
fluorescent light bulbs, should be placed alongside your
trash container. These actions will help trash haulers
avoid injury.
Hazardous wastes which are acceptable at some landfills:
Empty Aerosol Cans
Crystallized Oven Cleaner
Autobody Repair Products
Shoe Polish
Fertilizer without pesticides Empty, triple-rinsed
pesticide containers
If solidified, these products may also be acceptable:
Paints
Solvent-Based Polishes
Adhesives and Epoxies
Solvent-Based Cleaners Thinners
Nail Polish
Flush It Down The Drain With Plenty Of Water:
Some household hazardous wastes can be flushed down the
drain (the toilet is recommended) with plenty of water.
This recommendation is given when the hazardous waste is
neutralized by water or when the municipal or sanitary
sewage system is able to remove the toxins or render them
harmless. If you use a septic system or lagoon, it is
preferable to give hazardous waste acceptable for flushing
to a friend who is on a sanitary sewage treatment system.
Heavy concentrations of certain chemicals in a septic tank
can slow down or destroy the microorganisms which make the
system work properly.
When flushing hazardous waste down the drain, please
take the following precautions:
1. If you have any doubts, call your local wastewater
treatment plant.
2. Never pour any chemicals down a basement drain or storm
sewer; these lead directly into the waterways.
3. Make sure there is adequate ventilation in the area
where you are flushing the waste.
4. Avoid disposal of chemical wastes in food preparation
areas.
5. Never mix chemicals together either while pour or when
they are in the stool or sink. Wait at least two to three
hours between flushing ammonia and flushing bleach.
6. Wear gloves and goggles when disposing of wastes to
avoid eye and skin contact. Pour slowly and carefully to
avoid splashing.
7. Flush wastes during the working day so that waste will
be carried quickly through the system and will not be left
in the sewer system overnight.
8. Flush wastes using a large volume of water.
9. Rinse the empty container with water before placing in
the trash.
This information comes from the Guide to Hazardous
Products Around the Home, part of the HouseHold Hazardous
Waste Project in Missouri.
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Abrasive Cleaners
Uses
Wear off dirt, stains, tarnish and hard water
deposits by rubbing; fine particles are less abrasive,
coarse particles are more abrasive.
Cautions- Can scratch and damage surfaces, making
smooth surfaces rough and thus harder to remove dirt
from, in future cleaning.
Mild Abrasive Cleaners
Plastic or Nylon Mesh
Reinforced Sponges
Rottenstone
Whiting
Uses
Scour pots and pans, oven interiors, and drip pans.
Use as directed to remove stains on surfaces as
furniture, countertops, etc.
Cautions- May scratch fine, hard, smooth surfaces if
used too vigorously.
Moderate Abrasive Cleaners
Fine Steel Wool
Medium Grain Pumice
Feldspar
Uses
Use sparingly on pots and pans when needed to remove
burned-on foods and grease; use on burned-on spills on
oven interiors when they will not come off with other
milder ways. Use sparingly to remove stains that will not
come off by milder means, if stain removal is more
important than scratching the surface.
Cautions- Do not use regularly for cleaning; use only
for stubborn spots; will scratch fine, hard, smooth
surfaces.
Strong Abrasive Cleaners
Coarse Steel Wool
Metal Grit Cloths
Metal Mesh Balls
Metal Brushes
Coarse Pumice
Silica Particles (often an ingredient in scouring
powders)
Uses
Scour barbecue grills. Use only when removal of a
stubborn deposit is necessary and damage to surface is
not important.
Cautions- Will quickly scratch hard, surfaces making
them rough, and thus harder to remove dirt from and more
easily stained. Do NOT use regularly for cleaning.
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Design for Open Space
Open space can take different forms, from local parks to community wide or regional facilities that attract and serve a greater catchment. Local planning authorities often require local or neighbourhood parks where larger subdivisions are proposed. For smaller subdivisions, these requirements may be in the form of cash contributions to enable Councils to build up funds to purchase and develop open space facilities in pre-determined areas or to improve existing areas of public open space.
The public open space system can also include natural areas consisting of coastal foreshores, waterways, wetlands, areas of escarpment and bushland. These areas are typically less suitable for recreation, but serve other public or environmental purposes, such as stormwater management, asset protection and other buffer zones, road reserves, habitat protection and lands used for community facilities and other infrastructure purposes.
Together, the different types of public open space should provide a range of recreational opportunities. The Recreational Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) (Clark & Stankey 1979) provides a model for categorising recreation and open space based on different characteristics of the space and user needs.
Private open space is another important element of open space system, the design of which is particularly important for residents of higher density areas where outdoor spaces may be scarce. Private open space is often within a private allotment or as part of common property and its quality is dependant on the house or unit design and orientation. Private open spaces should aim to extend internal living areas and should have good solar orientation.
In an overall residential estate, open space is an important aspect that often co-ordinates the subdivision layout with the physical attributes of the site. Open space is also an important marketing tool that addresses and appeals to the needs of future residents.
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